When it comes to American wine, California often takes center stage. However, did you know that Washington State is the second-largest wine-producing state in the U.S.? This Pacific Northwest state’s wine scene is a tapestry woven with history, geology, and innovation, each facet contributing to its status as a rising star in the world of wine.

With over 1,050 wineries, 400 grape growers, and over 60,000 acres of wine grapes, Washington's wine industry has an impressive story to tell.

Here are ten key facts about Washington State and its wine.

1. Ice Age Floods

Washington's wine country owes its unique terroir to a cataclysmic event thousands of years ago—the Missoula Floods. These massive ice age floods surged through eastern and central Washington, shaping the landscape and depositing nutrient-rich soils ideally suited for grape cultivation.

2. The Water Gap

One of the key landmarks associated with the Missoula Floods is the Wallula Gap, where the colossal floods were temporarily delayed on their journey to the Pacific Ocean. It stands as the largest and most spectacular of several water gaps in the Columbia Basin and provides a glimpse into the geological history that contributes to the area's unique wine characteristics.

3. Volcanic Foundation

Beneath the fertile soils of Washington State lies a remarkable foundation—basalt bedrock created by the largest lava flows ever documented. This volcanic bedrock provides stability and a mineral-rich environment, which contributes to the distinct flavors and aromas of the wine.

4. 19th Century Winemaking Beginnings

Washington State's wine history began in 1825 when the first vines, grown from English seeds, were planted. By the early 1900s, pioneers like William B. Bridgman had begun planting grapevines in Yakima Valley. Subsequently, Dr. Walter Clore, known as the father of Washington's wine industry, conducted experiments with 312 grape varieties to determine their suitability for the region. Today, 80 diverse grape varieties flourish in the state's fertile vineyards.

5. Climate's Key Role

Washington's wine industry owes much of its success to the region's climate of warm, sunlit days and cool nights. The dramatic temperature shift plays a crucial role in grape maturation, ensuring a harmonious balance of sugar and acidity in the fruit, which is vital for crafting well-balanced wines.

6. A Patchwork of Terroir

Washington State's array of 20 American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) began in 1983 with the establishment of the Yakima Valley AVA, and most recently, in 2021, Goose Gap, White Bluffs, and The Burn of Columbia Valley. These distinct appellations reflect the ongoing refinement, expansion, and diversity of Washington State's viticultural landscape.

*Map courtesy of Washington State Wine.*

7. Columbia Valley AVA

Stretching across much of the central and southern regions of Washington State and even extending into northern Oregon, the Columbia Valley AVA stands as the largest AVA in the state, contributing to over 90 percent of the state's total wine production.

8. Walla Walla Valley AVA

The Walla Walla Valley AVA is home to approximately 120 wineries within the expansive Columbia River Valley AVA. The name "Walla Walla" derives from Native American origins, meaning a "place of many waters." This region has garnered a reputation for producing some of Washington State's finest wines crafted from Syrah, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon.

9. Top Five Grape Varieties

Washington State's wine portfolio is diverse, with Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Riesling, Merlot, and Syrah making up 80% of the state’s wine production. However, there are dozens more grape varieties planted, including Grenache, Gamay, and Pinot Gris.

10. Not Only Grapes

In addition to world-class wine grapes, Washington is the United States’ #1 producer of apples, blueberries, hops, pears, spearmint oil, and sweet cherries. The state is the #2 producer of apricots, asparagus, grapes, potatoes, and raspberries, as well as a leader in seafood production, second only to Alaska in shipments of fish and shellfish. (Washington State Department of Commerce).

Washington State offers a wide range of wines to delight any wine enthusiast. Whether you're sipping a Cabernet Sauvignon from Horse Heaven Hills or exploring the stunning beauty of the Lake Chelan AVA, Washington wines are a must-try.